概述心脏病描述的是一系列影响您心脏的病症。心脏病包括: Show
许多形式的心脏病可通过健康的生活方式进行预防或治疗。 症状心脏病症状因心脏病类型不同而异。 血管中的心脏病症状脂肪斑块在动脉中堆积,即动脉粥样硬化,可能损伤血管和心脏。斑块堆积可引起血管狭窄或阻塞,导致心脏病发作、胸部疼痛(心绞痛)或脑卒中。 冠状动脉疾病的症状可能会因性别而异。例如,男性更容易出现胸部疼痛。女性则更有可能出现伴随胸部不适的其他体征和症状,例如气短、恶心和极度疲劳。 体征和症状可能包括:
可能直到出现心脏病发作、心绞痛、卒中或心力衰竭,才诊断出冠状动脉疾病。请务必注意心血管症状,并与医生讨论您担心的问题。心血管疾病有时可通过定期评估及早发现。 What is coronary artery disease? A Mayo Clinic cardiologist explains.Stephen Kopecky, M.D., talks about the risk factors, symptoms and treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Learn how lifestyle changes can lower your risk.
{Music playing} Stephen Kopecky, M.D., Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic: I'm Dr. Stephen Kopecky, a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic. In this video, we'll cover the basics of coronary artery disease. What is it? Who gets it? The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Whether you're looking for answers for yourself or someone you love, we're here to give you the best information available. Coronary artery disease, also called CAD, is a condition that affects your heart. It is the most common heart disease in the United States. CAD happens when coronary arteries struggle to supply the heart with enough blood, oxygen and nutrients. Cholesterol deposits, or plaques, are almost always to blame. These buildups narrow your arteries, decreasing blood flow to your heart. This can cause chest pain, shortness of breath or even a heart attack. CAD typically takes a long time to develop. So often, patients don't know that they have it until there's a problem. But there are ways to prevent coronary artery disease, and ways to know if you're at risk and ways to treat it. Who gets it?Anyone can develop CAD. It begins when fats, cholesterols and other substances gather along the walls of your arteries. This process is called atherosclerosis. It's typically no cause for concern. However, too much buildup can lead to a blockage, obstructing blood flow. There are a number of risk factors, common red flags, that can contribute to this and ultimately lead to coronary artery disease. First, getting older can mean more damaged and narrowed arteries. Second, men are generally at a greater risk. But the risk for women increases after menopause. Existing health conditions matter, too. High blood pressure can thicken your arteries, narrowing your blood flow. High cholesterol levels can increase the rate of plaque buildup. Diabetes is also associated with higher risk, as is being overweight. Your lifestyle plays a large role as well. Physical inactivity, long periods of unrelieved stress in your life, an unhealthy diet and smoking can all increase your risk. And finally, family history. If a close relative was diagnosed at an early age with heart disease, you're at a greater risk. All these factors together can paint a picture of your risk for developing CAD. What are the symptoms?When coronary arteries become narrow, the heart doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. Remember, unlike most pumps, the heart has to pump its own energy supply. It's working harder with less. And you may begin to notice these signs and symptoms of pressure or tightness in your chest. This pain is called angina. It may feel like somebody is standing on your chest. When your heart can't pump enough blood to meet your body's needs, you might develop shortness of breath or extreme fatigue during activities. And if an artery becomes totally blocked, it leads to a heart attack. Classic signs and symptoms of a heart attack include crushing, substernal chest pain, pain in your shoulders or arms, shortness of breath, and sweating. However, many heart attacks have minimal or no symptoms and are found later during routine testing. How is it diagnosed?Diagnosing CAD starts by talking to your doctor. They'll be able to look at your medical history, do a physical exam and order routine blood work. Depending on that, they may suggest one or more of the following tests: an electrocardiogram or ECG, an echocardiogram or soundwave test of the heart, stress test, cardiac catheterization and angiogram, or a cardiac CT scan. How is it treated?Treating coronary artery disease usually means making changes to your lifestyle. This might be eating healthier foods, exercising regularly, losing excess weight, reducing stress or quitting smoking. The good news is these changes can do a lot to improve your outlook. Living a healthier life translates to having healthier arteries. When necessary, treatment could involve drugs like aspirin, cholesterol-modifying medications, beta-blockers, or certain medical procedures like angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery. What now?Discovering you have coronary artery disease can be overwhelming. But be encouraged. There are things you can do to manage and live with this condition. Reducing cholesterol, lowering blood pressure, quitting tobacco, eating healthier, exercising and managing your stress can make a world of difference. Better heart health starts by educating yourself. So don't be afraid to seek out information and ask your doctors about coronary artery disease. If you'd like to learn even more about this condition, watch our other related videos or visit Mayoclinic.org. We wish you well. 心跳异常(心律不齐)引起的心脏病症状您的心跳可能过快、过慢或不规则。心律失常的体征和症状可能包括:
由心脏缺陷引起的心脏病症状出生时就有的严重心脏缺陷(先天性心脏缺陷)通常在出生后不久就会被发现。儿童心脏缺陷体征和症状可能包括:
不太严重的先天性心脏缺陷往往直到童年后期或成年期间才得以诊断。通常不会立即危及生命的先天性心脏缺陷的体征和症状包括:
由心肌病变(心肌病)引起的心脏病症状在心肌病早期,您可能没有症状。随着状况加重,症状可能包括:
心脏瓣膜问题(心脏瓣膜病)引起的心脏病症状心脏有四个瓣膜,主动脉瓣、二尖瓣、肺动脉瓣和三尖瓣,通过打开和闭合引导血液流过心脏。许多因素可能会损害心脏瓣膜,导致其变窄(狭窄)、渗漏(反流或闭合不全)或闭合不当(脱垂)。 根据不能正常发挥功能的瓣膜类型,心脏瓣膜病的体征和症状一般包括:
何时就诊如果您出现以下这些心脏病体征和症状,请寻求急救医疗服务:
如果您认为自己可能心脏病发作,务必致电 911 或紧急医疗救助。 心脏病在早期发现时更容易治疗,因此请告诉医生您对心脏健康的担忧。如果担心发生心脏病,请告诉医生您能够采取哪些措施降低患心脏病的风险。如果您有心脏病家族史,这点尤其重要。 根据出现的新体征或症状,如果您觉得自己可能患有心脏病,请进行约诊。 病因心脏病的病因取决于具体的心脏病类型。心脏病有多种不同类型。要了解心脏病的病因,需要了解心脏如何工作。 心脏工作原理您的心脏是一台泵。它是一个约拳头大小的肌肉器官,位于胸部中间偏左的位置。您的心脏分为左右两部分。
心脏瓣膜四个心脏瓣膜仅在需要时朝同一方向打开,从而使血液以正确方式流动。为正常发挥功能,瓣膜须形态完好,朝同一方向打开,闭合时则紧密无渗漏。四个瓣膜为:
心跳跳动的心脏处于不停的挤压(收缩)与扩张循环中。
电生理系统心脏的“电线”使心脏保持搏动,从而控制富氧血与缺氧血不断交换。这种交换维持着人类生命。
冠状动脉疾病的病因动脉中脂肪斑块的积聚(动脉粥样硬化)是冠状动脉疾病的最常见原因。不健康的生活方式,例如不良饮食、缺乏运动、体重超重和抽烟,可能导致动脉粥样硬化。 心律不齐的诱因心律失常或导致心律失常病症的常见原因包括:
对于一个拥有正常健康心脏的健康人来说,如果没有电击或使用非法药物等外部诱因,不太可能发生致死性心律失常。但是,患病或畸形心脏可能无法正常发出电信号,或电信号无法穿过心脏,从而增大发生心律失常的可能性。 先天性心脏缺陷的病因先天性心脏缺陷通常发生于胎儿出生前。怀孕后一个月左右,心脏缺陷会随着心脏发育而出现,心脏的血流随之改变。心脏缺陷的致病原因可能包括某些医学病症、药物和基因。 心脏缺陷也可出现在成人身上。随着年龄的增长,心脏结构会发生变化,继而导致心脏缺陷。 心肌病的诱因心肌病、心肌增厚或肥大的诱因可能取决于下列疾病类型:
心脏感染的原因当细菌接触心肌时,会导致心脏感染,例如心内膜炎。心脏感染最常见诱因包括:
心脏瓣膜病的病因许多因素都可导致心脏瓣膜病。您可能出生就伴有瓣膜性疾病,或瓣膜可能受到医疗状况损伤,例如:
风险因素导致心脏病的风险因素包括:
并发症心脏病的并发症包括:
预防某些类型的心脏病(例如心脏缺陷)无法预防。但是,可以缓解心脏病的生活方式改变也可能有助于预防心脏病,包括:
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Aug. 29, 2022 什么是心藏病?当向心脏供血和供氧的动脉阻塞时,就会出现心脏病发作。 随着时间的推移,脂肪会堆积,进而在心脏动脉中形成斑块。 如果斑块破裂,可能形成血凝块并阻塞动脉,导致心脏病发作。 心脏病发作时,心肌组织会因心脏动脉缺乏血液流动而死亡。
心脏病患者有什么症状?心跳异常(心律不齐)引起的心脏病症状. 心跳加快(心动过速). 心跳缓慢(心动过缓). 胸部疼痛或不适. 昏厥(晕厥)或接近昏厥. 心脏病的早期症状有哪些表现?从视觉上来看的就是我们的嘴唇会呈暗紫色。 2、疲劳或失眠:相当一部分人在心脏病发病前会出现异常疲倦以及失眠状况,所以当我们身体出现这些状况的时候,应考虑心脏是否健康。 3、呼吸出现问题:躺下后呼吸困难,很可能是心脏瓣膜病的症状。 或者做小幅度运动就呼吸非常急促,有可能心脏出现了病理性变化导致。
心脏病的痛是怎样的?心脏病发作的常见体征和症状包括:
胸部中央出现压迫感、涨满感或挤压性疼痛,持续时间超过几分钟 疼痛感由胸部延伸至肩部、手臂、背部,甚至还可以表现为牙痛和下颌痛
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