Blastocyst中文

Stem cells were extracted at the blastocyst stage and, by definition, never was a human embryo actually created.

干细胞在胚泡阶段即被提取，而且从定义上来看，实际上从未创造出人类胚胎。

They must mean only those cells that make up a blastocyst, stem cells.

The designated blastocyst transplanted into the surrogate mother

This is the man who perfected blastocyst transfer.

The blastocyst is then surgically introduced into the uterus of a foster mother.

The blastocyst reaches the uterus at roughly the fifth day after fertilization.

Extracting cells for culture destroys the blastocyst from which they are taken.

The blastocyst is a very early-stage embryo not yet implanted into the womb.

The tumor suppressor protein p53 plays an important role in maternal reproduction in mice through transcriptional regulation of leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF),a cytokine crucial for blastocyst implantation.

肿瘤抑制蛋白p53通过白血病抑制因子（LIF）的转录调控在小鼠母体生殖中起重要作用，LIF是胚泡着床的一种关键的细胞因子。

Reproductive cloning refers to the actual implantation of the blastocyst resulting from cellular nuclear replacement, which is the purpose of performing the procedure.

生殖克隆是将细胞核替代结果产生的胚泡实际置入，这就是这种造作过程本身的目的。

Shortly after implantation the blastocyst wall, the trophoblast, consists of two layers of cells.

The outer cells of the blastocyst, the trophoblasts, form the fetal membranes and the placenta

The blastocyst's outer cells will become the placenta, the remarkable organ that supports and nourishes the fetus by robbing the mother of these necessities.

胚泡的外细胞将成为胎盘 ，显着的器官，支持和滋养胎儿，抢劫这些必需品的母亲。

President Bush Jr. has explained his stance on restricting stem cell research, because the blastocyst has the "potential for life."

小布什总统关于限制干细胞研究的解释，他的立场，因为囊胚有" 生命的潜力 。"

Furthermore, the embryonic stem cells derived from a blastocyst which were used in therapeutic cloning could not properly be regarded as a potential human being and did not yet represent human life.

另外，不能把在治疗性克隆中使用的源自胚泡的胚胎干细胞视为潜在的人，因为它还不代表人的生命。

During the first few weeks after implantation of the ovum, nutrition is supplied to the blastocyst by trophoblastic digestion and phagocytosis of the endometrium.

在卵子植入后最初的几个星期，胚泡的营养是靠滋养层的消化和子宫内膜的吞噬作用来供应。

Preimplantation Diagnosis/ Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the ovum, zygote, or blastocyst prior to implantation.

植入前诊断/ 在植入之前对卵子、受精卵或胚泡的病理状态或疾病进行本质测定。

mTert-GFP mice were generated by using a two-step embryonic stem cell-based strategy, which enabled primary and secondary screening of stably transfected clones before blastocyst injection, greatly increasing the probability of obtaining mTert reporter mice with physiologically appropriate regulation of GFP expression.

The aims of the present study were to assess the effect of various

inhibitors(hypoxanthine + dbcAMP or IBMX +dbcAMP)on meiotic resumption and subsequent

本研究旨在探讨次黄嘌呤+dbcAMP或IBMX+dbcAMP对绵羊卵母细胞体外成熟的可逆性抑制作用， 以及这种抑制作用对卵 母 细胞 胚胎 发育 潜力 的影响。

在了解由Van Royev以及Gerris所提出的序列評估方式，透過時間軸的概念來分析，胚胎分裂第二天及第三天的胚胎品質，進而來挑選出心目中最高品質的胚胎來進行植入，隨著人工生殖技術不斷的往前邁進，培養液及培養系統的穩定，更使得藉由試管嬰兒（IVF）所產生的胚胎形成囊胚期（Blastocyst）的比例提升，研究發現囊胚期的胚胎較能適應子宮環境，使得囊胚期植入對懷孕率有相當的提升，因此要挑選出誰是真正的強者，就必須再讓這些王者的候選人進一步接受挑戰，再藉由對囊胚胎的評估來讓我們更準確地挑選出誰是真正的王位繼承人，對此，送子鳥採用的囊胚胎評估標準是依照Gardner、Schoolcraft等人所發表的評斷標準加以修改，先將囊胚的發育程度分為

1. Early blastocyst　早期囊胚（囊胚腔小於1/2大小）
2. Early blastocyst　囊胚（囊胚腔大於1/2大小）
3. Full blastocyst　完全囊胚
4. Expanded blastocyst　擴張的囊胚
5. Hatching blastocyst　孵化中的囊胚
6. hatched blastocyst　完全孵化的囊胚

再根據內細胞團（ICM；Inner cell mass）與滋養層細胞（TE；Trophectoderm cells）的狀態給與ABC等級的區別，如下表所示：

ICM/ Trophectoderm

Many tightly packed cells

Several loosely grouped cells

Few cells

Many cells forming a cohesive epithelium

AA

AB

AC

Fewer cells forming a cohesive epithelium

BA

BB

BC

Very few large cells

CA

CB

CC

品質越好AA、AB、BA、BB ＞ AC、BC ＞ CA、CB、CC的囊胚胎代表著有越好的著床率，囊胚期胚胎植入除了可以提高懷孕率外，多胞胎率與子宮外孕的機率也相對地降低，但是唯一的缺點是約有8％的人可能沒有胚胎可以進行植入。

高质量的囊胚是试管成功的关键。英医院大约有一半的胚胎能培养到囊胚。通常取卵后5-6天，培养师会和患者报告培养结果，有一张胚胎图片和级别说明。囊胚的级别说明，例如“3AB”，代表什么意思呢？

一起来看看囊胚级别的划分吧。

囊胚的级别说明，例如“3AB”，代表什么意思呢？

第一个数字代表发育快慢：

1=Early blastocyst 早期囊胚(囊胚腔小於1/2大小）

2=Early blastocyst 囊胚（囊胚腔大於1/2大小）

3=Full blastocyst完全囊胚

4=Expanded blastocyst 擴張的囊胚

5=Hatching blastocyst 孵化中囊胚

6=hatched blastocyst 完全孵化囊胚

第二个字母代表胎儿部分质量，即内细胞团分级：A级，细胞数目多，排列紧密；B级，细胞数目少，排列松散；C级，细胞数目很少。

第三个字母代表胎盘部分质量，即滋养层细胞分级：A级，上皮细胞层由较多的细胞组成，结构致密；B级，上皮细胞层细胞不多，结构松散；C级，上皮细胞层稀疏。

后面两个字母只对于3级以上的囊胚有效，因为3级以上才能够明显区分胎儿和胎盘的区域。

这样总结下来，在英医院，3AB囊胚是属于3级的优质囊胚，这样的囊胚宝宝在英医院的一次移植成功率高达60-70%。

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