Focal consolidation 中文

用"lung consolidation"造句"lung consolidation"怎么读"lung consolidation" in a sentence

相关词汇

substantive consolidation 中文,   lung unit 中文,   artificial lung 中文,   lungs catheter 中文,   lung elasticity 中文,   lung death 中文,   lung deficiency 中文,   lung yun 中文,   tiao lung 中文,   lung chuen international hotel 中文,   lung clamping forceps 中文,   lung compliance 中文,   lung compliance study 中文,   lung compression 中文,   lung controlling breathing 中文,   lung controlling nasal mucus 中文,   lung controlling nose 中文,   lung controlling respiration 中文,   

Citation, DOI & article data

Citation:

Gaillard, F., Worsley, C. Air space opacification. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 15 Oct 2022) //doi.org/10.53347/rID-9226

Air space opacification is a descriptive term that refers to the filling of the pulmonary tree with material that attenuates x-rays more than the surrounding lung parenchyma. It is one of the many patterns of lung opacification and is equivalent to the pathological diagnosis of pulmonary consolidation.

In radiological studies, it presents as increased attenuation of the lung parenchyma causing obscuration of pulmonary vessels, without significant loss of volume, in the segment(s) affected. Air bronchograms can also be found 1,2.

Pathology

The opacification is caused by fluid or solid material within the airways that causes a difference in the relative attenuation of the lung:

• transudate, e.g. pulmonary edema secondary to heart failure
• pus, e.g. bacterial pneumonia
• blood, e.g. pulmonary hemorrhage
• cells, e.g. bronchoalveolar carcinoma
• protein, e.g. alveolar proteinosis
• fat, e.g. lipoid pneumonia
• gastric contents, e.g. aspiration pneumonia
• water, e.g. drowning

When considering the likely causes of airspace opacification, it is useful to determine chronicity (by reviewing previous radiographs) and considering laterality.

Additionally, the presence of mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy further refines the massive list of differentials:

• acute unilateral air space opacification
• acute bilateral air space opacification
• acute airspace opacification with lymphadenopathy
• chronic unilateral airspace opacification
• chronic bilateral airspace opacification

On chest radiography a number of patterns are recognized:

• lobar consolidation
  • right upper lobe consolidation
  • right middle lobe consolidation
  • right lower lobe consolidation
  • left upper lobe consolidation
  • left lower lobe consolidation
• bronchopneumonia
• lobar lung collapse
  • right upper lobe collapse
  • right middle lobe collapse
  • right lower lobe collapse
  • left upper lobe collapse
  • left lower lobe collapse

Quiz questions

References

Related articles: Airspace opacification

Related articles: Chest

Promoted articles (advertising)

A pulmonary consolidation is a region of normally compressible lung tissue that has filled with liquid instead of air.[1] The condition is marked by induration[2] (swelling or hardening of normally soft tissue) of a normally aerated lung. It is considered a radiologic sign. Consolidation occurs through accumulation of inflammatory cellular exudate in the alveoli and adjoining ducts. The liquid can be pulmonary edema, inflammatory exudate, pus, inhaled water, or blood (from bronchial tree or hemorrhage from a pulmonary artery). Consolidation must be present to diagnose pneumonia: the signs of lobar pneumonia are characteristic and clinically referred to as consolidation.[3]

Signs[edit]

Signs that consolidation may have occurred include:

• Expansion of the thorax on inspiration is reduced on the affected side
• Vocal fremitus is increased on the affected side
• Percussion is dull in the affected area
• Breath sounds are bronchial
• Possible medium, late, or pan-inspiratory crackles
• Vocal resonance is increased. Here, the patient's voice (or whisper, as in whispered pectoriloquy) can be heard more clearly when there is consolidation, as opposed to the healthy lung where speech sounds muffled.
• A pleural rub may be present.[4]
• A lower PAO2 than calculated in the alveolar gas equation

Diagnosis[edit]

Radiology[edit]

• Typically, an area of white lung is seen on a standard X-ray.[5] Consolidated tissue is more radio-opaque than normally aerated lung parenchyma, so that it is clearly demonstrable in radiography and on CT scans. Consolidation is often a middle-to-late stage feature/complication in pulmonary infections.

See also[edit]

• Pulmonary infiltrate

References[edit]

1. ^ "Consolidation – Definition". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2009-01-16.
2. ^ "Induration- Definition". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2009-01-16.
3. ^ Metlay JP, Kapoor WN, Fine MJ (1997). "Does this patient have community-acquired pneumonia? Diagnosing pneumonia by history and physical examination". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 278 (17): 1440–5. doi:10.1001/jama.278.17.1440. PMID 9356004.
4. ^ Talley, Nicholas Joseph (2001). Clinical Examination, a Clinical Guide to Physical Diagnosis, Wiley, 4th ed., p. 121, ISBN 0632059710.
5. ^ Corne, Jonathan; Carroll, Mary; Delany, David (2002). Chest X-Ray Made Easy. Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-443-07008-2.

External links[edit]